![]() ![]() This doctrine of judicial review has become a cardinal principle of U.S. Madison, asserting that the judicial branch has the authority to judge the validity of an Act of Congress and to overturn the Act if it is not in conformity with the United States Constitution. In 1803, only two years after Marshall became Chief Justice, the Court announced its opinion in Marbury v. He championed the primacy of the Court through his power of persuasion, congenial manner, and shrewd sense of policy. Marshall wrote the Court’s opinion in 519 of the 1,106 cases decided during his tenure–almost half. ![]() ![]() Under Marshall’s leadership, the English practice of each Justice writing his own opinion was replaced with the Court’s speaking with one majority voice, a practice that remains to the present day. He was the fourth man to serve in that capacity after the Court was created in 1789, and he served 34 years as Chief Justice. On February 4, 1801, John Marshall was sworn in as Chief Justice of the United States. This was the first time a United States coin (regular issue or commemorative) had featured a Supreme Court Justice or the Supreme Court as an institution. ![]() The Chief Justice John Marshall Silver Dollar not only paid tribute to the Supreme Court of the United States, but also recognized the entire judicial branch of government. The United States honored Chief Justice John Marshall with a commemorative coin in celebration of the 250th anniversary of his birth. ![]()
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